BINOCULAR VISION ANOMALIES

NATURE OF BINOCULAR VISION ANOMALIES

Introduction

Binocular vision is the coordination and integration of what is received from the two eyes separately into a single binocular percept.

Proper functioning of binocular vision without symptoms depends on a number of factors, which can be considered under three broad headings:

(1) The anatomy of the visual apparatus

(2) The motor system that coordinates movement of the eyes

(3) The sensory system through which the brain receives and integrates the two monocular signals.

Anomalies in any of these can cause difficulties in binocular vision, or even make it impossible. In considering the binocular difficulties of a particular patient, therefore, all three parts of the total system need to be investigated:

Binocular vision assessment- Into

Binocular vision assessment is often considered to be a confusing and challenging subject. Novices can become easily frustrated and lack confidence regarding clinically appropriate diagnosis. It is our view that difficulty in obtaining the correct diagnosis occurs as a consequence of inappropriate tests and inaccurate techniques. We have attempted to remedy this by writing a guide to binocular vision assessment with a practical emphasis. The content is based on our understanding of current standard clinical practice, extensive experience of managing
binocular vision problems, and teaching binocular vision at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. We have not attempted to cover all aspects of binocular vision and this is certainly not a reference text. It is intended to be a simple step-by-step practical guide to assist the student and novice in developing and improving clinical techniques, to enable accurate diagnosis leading to successful management.

We would be grateful to receive any comments, positive or negative,
Editor

How do I investigate Binocular vision anomalies ?

Symptoms and history are crucial to the investigation of binocular vision anomalies, and the symptoms of decompensated heterophoria are listed. Most children with strabismus do not report symptoms, so parents should be asked whether an eye ever appears to “wander” or “turn”. Family history is also
important, especially with child patients. Parents should be asked if there is any family history of a “turning eye”, “lazy eye”, poor vision, or of refractive error (particularly long-sightedness).Afamily history of any of these will increase the risk of astrabismus being present.